Mahatma Gandhi | Biography- History -Facts

Mahatma Gandhi, popularly known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was the great political leader of the Indian Independence Movements. He always believed in truth and non-violence. He played a great role in the independence of India. His full life spent with simplicity and good behavior. He always wore traditional Indian dress as dhoti and cotton shawl.

 

Mahatma Gandhi

The early life of Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 at Porbandar, 
Gujarat. His father's name was Karamchand Gandhi. He was a small divan in Britisher's office at Porbandar. His mother's name was Putlibai. She was a very religious woman.  

Mahatma Gandhi got married in 1883 at the age of 13 years with Kasturba Gandhi. They gave their first child in 1885 but unfortunately, it died. In this year Karamchand Gandhi also died. After some time they got four children - Harilal Gandhi, Manilal Gandhi, Ramdas Gandhi, and Devdas Gandhi.  

Mahatma Gandhi completed his middle school education in Porbandar and Higher education from Rajkot. According to his teachers, Mahatma Gandhi was an average student. He completed his matric in 1887 from Ahmedabad. 

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Foreign life and Advocacy

Mahatma Gandhi was the most literate person in his family. He went to London University to read advocacy and make Barrister in 1888. He spent the most many years in London. He was totally non-vegetarian. But in London, he faced many problems. Vegetarian Society forced him to read Gita. 

In June 1891, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India. When he was in London his mother was dead. After this he started advocacy in Bombay but it failed after sometimes. Again he went to Rajkot and started to write applications for the case, but after sometimes he had to leave this work too. But finally in 1893, he got work advocacy in South Africa. 

Gandhi Ji reached in South Africa at the age of 24 years. He spent his life of 24 years in South Africa as a judiciary consultant. But he faced racial discrimination in South Africa. He faced many problems and offenses in South Africa also. After all of this, he started to inspire the Indians to fight for their rights in Africa.

A Steps towards the independence of India

In 1941 Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. At this time he had become a respected leader of the country. He returned to India at the behest of moderate Congress leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Gandhi toured in all parts of India with Ghokhale to understand the political, economic, and social issues.

Champaran and Kheda Satyagrah

From this movement, Gandhi Ji started to fight for the freedom of the people against the government. Gandhi supports the farmers of Champaran. British landlords forced and compelled the farmers for farming of Nile. They bought grains at a very cheap rate from the farmers. Thus the farmers had been tolerating all the exploitation for many years but Mahatma Gandhi raised the voice against the British landlords. 

Gandhi Ji led the protests and strikes against the landlords. After all this, the demand of the poor farmers was accepted.  Gandhi also helped the poor farmers in Kheda with Sardar Patel in 1918. 

After these strikes and protests, Gandhi becomes the famous leader of the country.

Rowlett Act 1919

Rowlett Act was implemented on 19 March 1919. According to this act anyone could be arrested without any witness or appeal. But Gandhi Jii went on strikes at countrywide on 6 April 1919. People were doing movement at Jaliwalabagh but General Dayor fired bling shot on the strikers and many people died in this accident on 13 April 1919. And this accident was called Jaliyabawalabagh Hatyakand.

Non-cooperation movement 

For the answer of the Rowlett Act, Khilafat Andolan, and Jaliyawalabagh Hatyakand, Gandhi started the non-cooperation movement on 23 November 1919. The non- cooperation movement passed under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi in Kolkata Session.

In Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 22 policemen were burnt inside a police station by a mob at Chaura Chauri Place on 5 February 1922. And after this accident Gandhi returned the non-cooperation movement on 12 February 1922.

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Dandi Yatra and Salt Satyagrah

Gandhi Ji was released in February 1924 after his arrest during the Non-cooperation Movement and remained away from active politics till 1928.

But in 1928 Gandhi said to the Britishers in Kolkata Session for the freedom of the country and to leave. But Britishers did not reply to this. On no response from the British, the flag of India was hoisted in Lahore on 31 December 1929 and the Congress celebrated 26 January 1930 as Indian Independence Day.

Salt Satyagraha in Dandi

After this Gandhi Ji with his 78 followers started Salt Satyagrah from Sabarmati Asharam on 12 March 1930. After the travel of 24 days and 388 Km, they reached Dandi made salt themselves on 6 April 1930. 

Second World War And Quit India Movement

Britishers started to sent Indian soldiers in war more than British soldiers. They sent the country in the war without any argument and discussion of the congress. So the Congress passed the proposal of the Quit India Movement in Bombay Session on 8 August 1942. 

As everyone expected, the British Government arrested Gandhi with all the members of the Karykarni Committee. Gandhi was kept in prison till 2 years. Meanwhile Kasturba Gandhi died and Gandhi also suffered from Malaria. So the British Government decided to leave Gandhi Ji on 6 May 1944. 

At the end of the second world war, Britishers gave a clear sign of the freedom and the power will be handed over to the Indians soon.

Through the Cabinet Mission, our constitution assembly was made and many immediate problems were solved. 

Death of Mahatma Gandhi

On 30 January 1948, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse in 'Birla House' (Delhi). Nathuram Godse 3 shots fired on Mahatma Gandhi. It was told that the last sound of Mahatma Gandhi was 'Hey Ram'. And finally Nathuram Godse was arrested and hanged in 1949.

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